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Mixed temperature-dependent order parameters in the extended Hubbard model.

Joel Hutchinson1,2, Frank Marsiglio1,3

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|November 5, 2020
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The extended Hubbard model exhibits various superconducting phases (s-wave, d-wave, p-wave) whose symmetries shift with temperature. These findings offer critical insights into unconventional superconductors and their phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The extended Hubbard model is a theoretical framework used to study electron correlations in materials.
  • Superconducting phases, characterized by zero electrical resistance, can exhibit different symmetries like s-wave, d-wave, and p-wave.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature dependence of superconducting phase symmetries in the extended Hubbard model.
  • To establish conditions for analyzing the temperature profile of the gap function in superconductors.
  • To understand symmetry transitions occurring below the critical temperature (Tc).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the free energy functional of the superconducting gap.
  • Examination of critical points constrained by symmetry principles.
  • Phase diagram analysis at finite temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Superconducting phase symmetries (s-wave, d-wave, p-wave) are shown to be temperature-dependent.
  • Stringent conditions on the gap function's temperature profile were derived.
  • Existence of symmetry transitions below Tc in the extended Hubbard model was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature significantly influences the symmetry of superconducting phases in the extended Hubbard model.
  • The derived conditions are broadly applicable to other superconducting models.
  • Understanding sub-critical temperature transitions is vital for characterizing unconventional superconductors.