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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Hemithyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer: A Review.

Noor Addasi1, Abbey Fingeret2, Whitney Goldner1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|November 6, 2020
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Summary

Thyroid cancer treatment is shifting towards less aggressive options like hemithyroidectomy for low-risk cases. Postoperative care and monitoring for hemithyroidectomy differ from other thyroidectomies.

Keywords:
hemithyroidectomylobectomymanagementthyroid cancertreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing, but mortality rates remain stable.
  • Well-differentiated thyroid cancer generally has a low recurrence risk and normal life expectancy.
  • Recent guidelines advocate for less aggressive therapies and personalized treatment for thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications for hemithyroidectomy in thyroid cancer management.
  • To outline the distinct postoperative considerations and long-term monitoring strategies for hemithyroidectomy patients.
  • To provide management recommendations for individuals treated with hemithyroidectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current American Thyroid Association (ATA) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.
  • Analysis of treatment paradigm shifts towards less aggressive surgical options.
  • Synthesis of postoperative follow-up and monitoring differences compared to total thyroidectomy.

Main Results:

  • Hemithyroidectomy is recognized as an acceptable surgical option for low-risk thyroid cancer by major guidelines.
  • An increasing number of patients are opting for hemithyroidectomy over more extensive thyroidectomies.
  • Postoperative follow-up and long-term monitoring protocols vary significantly between hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy.

Conclusions:

  • The shift towards hemithyroidectomy necessitates tailored postoperative care and monitoring strategies.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective long-term management of thyroid cancer patients.
  • This review provides essential guidance for clinicians managing patients after hemithyroidectomy.