Exposure risk assessment, pollution level, and source identification of arsenic in soil: A case study of the Bardsir...

In this study, we investigated the total arsenic concentration in the soil and the related human exposure risks in the central part of the Bardsir Plain in southeastern Iran. The results show that the average total arsenic concentration in agricultural soil is 50.26 mg/kg, which is 2.5 times higher than the maximum acceptable limit (20 mg/kg) recommended by the European Community. The natural portion of the arsenic concentration was larger than the anthropogenic portion. The high total arsenic concentration could be due to a combination of geogenic sources and irrigation with polluted groundwater. The average values of I_geo, I_poll, and I_B for agricultural soils were 1.10, 0.14, and 0.15, respectively; which are characterized as moderately polluted. The average non-carcinogenic hazard (HI) values for children and adults were 2.27 and 0.24, respectively, suggesting that children are exposed to non-carcinogenic risks. The total carcinogen risk (CR) value was 1.16E^-04, which indicates a high risk of harmful effects to inhabitants.