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The utility of cardiovascular imaging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, biological
Gavin A Lewis1,2, Keith Pearce2, Simon G Williams2
1Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Abstract:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) does not exist as a singular clinical or pathological entity but as a syndrome encompassing a wide range of clinical and biological phenotypes. There is an urgent need to progress from the unsuccessful 'one-size-fits-all' approach to more precise disease classification, in order to develop targeted therapies, personalise risk stratification and guide future research. In this regard, this review discusses the current and emerging roles of cardiovascular imaging for the diagnosis of HFpEF, for distilling HFpEF into distinct disease entities according to underlying pathobiology and for risk stratification.
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