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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

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Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Non-coding RNAs and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mohammad Taheri1, Reyhane Eghtedarian2, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard2

  • 1Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry
|November 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) involves genetic and lifestyle factors. Research shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in T2DM development and could be future therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
lncRNAmiRNAtype 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health crisis with increasing prevalence.
  • T2DM pathogenesis results from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, developmental factors, diet, and lifestyle.
  • Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are increasingly recognized for their roles in T2DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA and lncRNA involvement in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify specific miRNAs and lncRNAs implicated in T2DM pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of these non-coding RNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic agents for T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating non-coding RNAs in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of reported alterations in miRNA and lncRNA expression in T2DM patients.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding the functional roles of specific miRNAs and lncRNAs in T2DM.

Main Results:

  • Several miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-222-3p, and let-7b-5p, are downregulated in T2DM patients.
  • Other miRNAs, such as miR-21 and miR-148a-3p, show upregulated trends in T2DM.
  • Various lncRNAs, like MALAT1 and GAS5, exhibit altered expression levels in T2DM biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are significantly altered in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • These non-coding RNAs are implicated in the complex pathogenesis of T2DM.
  • Dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs represent potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for T2DM management.