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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications
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Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks with lanthanide ions.

Kimbal T Lu1, Yingjie Zhang2, Robert D Aughterson2

  • 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. yzx@ansto.gov.au and School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|November 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks (UOFs) incorporating Europium(III) or Gadolinium(III) were synthesized. These frameworks feature unique pentavalent uranium centers and offer potential in nuclear materials research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nuclear Chemistry

Background:

  • Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks (UOFs) are crucial in nuclear materials.
  • Understanding the structural diversity and properties of UOFs is essential for their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks incorporating lanthanide ions.
  • To investigate the role of ionic radius in the formation of UOFs with lanthanides.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis of UOFs with Eu(iii) or Gd(iii).
  • Structural analysis using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Characterization via SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Two new UOFs incorporating Eu(iii) or Gd(iii) were successfully synthesized.
  • The frameworks exhibit a 3D structure with uranyl oxide hydroxide layers and lanthanide ions in channels.
  • Raman and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of pentavalent uranium in an octahedral coordination.
  • Synchrotron X-ray diffraction determined the crystal structure as orthorhombic C2221.
  • The study highlights the critical role of ionic radius in UOF formation with lanthanides.

Conclusions:

  • Novel UOFs with Eu(iii) and Gd(iii) have been synthesized and structurally elucidated.
  • The findings demonstrate the influence of lanthanide ionic radius on UOF structure.
  • These UOFs present potential applications in the field of nuclear materials.