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Updated: Dec 1, 2025
Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
Association between Oral Health and Frailty among Older Adults in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
F F Hakeem1, E Bernabé, H T Fadel
1Faisal Hakeem, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK, Phone: +447455504232, Email address: Faisal.Hakeem@kcl.ac.uk.
Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the association between normative and subjective oral health indicators and frailty assessed by Frailty Phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI) among older Saudi adults.
Design:
cross-sectional study.
Setting:
community and hospital-based.
Participants:
participants were 356 community-dwelling older adults attending dental clinics and social centres at Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
Frailty was measured with the frailty phenotype and a 34-item FI. Oral health included the following measures: self-rated oral health, number of teeth, and functional dentition. Covariates included sociodemographic factors and nutritional status. Logistic regression and negative binomial regression models were constructed to test the association between oral health indicators, FP, and FI, respectively. The first model was adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, the second model was additionally adjusted for nutritional status.
Results:
The number of teeth, functional dentition and self-rated oral health showed significant associations with frailty after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables for both FP and FI. Adjusting for nutritional status attenuated the associations.
Conclusion:
This study has shown significant associations between oral health indicators namely number of teeth, functional dentition and self-rated oral health, and both FP and FI among Saudi older adults. Nutritional status appeared to mediate the association between oral health and frailty implicating inability to eat in this relationship.
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