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Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
Published on: January 27, 2018
A novel task-specific dystonia type: Hemifacial spasm in a photographer
Odysseas Kargiotis1,2, Aliki Geka3, Athanasios Tsivgoulis4
1Department of Neurology, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. kargiody@gmail.com.
Abstract:
A 67-year-old male photographer who used traditional cameras that necessitated monocular focusing developed intermittent blepharospasms, evident only during and shortly after the voluntary contraction of the left eyelids while using the camera, a form of a task-specific blepharospasm. The spasms gradually progressed to involve the entire hemiface resulting in a task-specific hemifacial spasm that eventually evolved into a persistent hemifacial spasm. Our case report highlights the fact that focal dystonia may also develop in the facial muscles following chronic and repetitive muscle contractions, such as those performed by an older photographer who used traditional cameras that necessitated monocular focusing. To our knowledge, hemifacial spasm has not yet been recognized as a form of focal, task-specific dystonia. Moreover, occupational, focal dystonia has not been described in photographers.
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