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Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Establishment and Histological Analysis of Esophageal Organoids Modeling the Progression from Normal to Cancerous Tissues
Published on: May 30, 2025
Updates on World Health Organization classification and staging of esophageal tumors: implications for future
1School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4209, Australia.
Abstract:
The Fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of digestive system and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual contain substantial refinements of information for esophageal tumors. The epithelial tumors of esophagus are classified as benign, dysplasia, and malignant groups. Dysplasia is divided into Barrett dysplasia and squamous dysplasia and graded into either low-grade or high-grade. Malignant esophageal tumors are often adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The main update in cancer staging in esophageal tumors is the subdivision of the prognostic staging into 3 groups; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma after adjuvant therapy. HER-2 amplification is recognized as a molecular target for therapy of esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. The other esophageal tumors are adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid/adenosquamous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Overall, the incorporation of new data and definitions on histopathology, prognostic factors, and genetics are important for personalized management of patients with esophageal tumors.
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