Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

2.0K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
2.0K
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

48.9K
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
48.9K
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

3.8K
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
3.8K
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

1.2K
The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
1.2K
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

81.4K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
81.4K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

601
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
601

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sexually-dimorphic offspring outcomes following antenatal corticosteroids: a review of the evidence for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and preterm birth risk.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

Physiological and biological response to heat exposure in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Lancet. Planetary health·2026
Same author

Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Conserved gene expression patterns in the placenta underlie pregnancy complications associated with hypoxia in mice and humans.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

A review of xenobiotic membrane transporter expression within the human placenta: Lessons gained from primary tissue and in vitro methodologies.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Novel role for PI3Kβ in placental function through regulation of system A amino acid transporter expression, associated with embryonic lethality.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

15.2K

Fused placentas: Till birth do us part.

Jorge Lopez-Tello1, Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri1

  • 1Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Placenta
|November 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Twinning and fused placentas in mice are rare but linked to growth issues. Histological changes in the placenta, including calcification, may explain this intertwin growth discrepancy.

Keywords:
Animal modelsIntertwin growth discrepancyMousePlacentaTwin

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Research Through Single Cell Sequencing and Spatial Histology in Placental Tissues
04:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Research Through Single Cell Sequencing and Spatial Histology in Placental Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.8K
Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
09:52

Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye

Published on: September 5, 2011

27.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

15.2K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Research Through Single Cell Sequencing and Spatial Histology in Placental Tissues
04:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Research Through Single Cell Sequencing and Spatial Histology in Placental Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.8K
Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
09:52

Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye

Published on: September 5, 2011

27.4K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Twinning and placental fusion are infrequent events in mammals, including humans and mice.
  • These conditions are associated with adverse outcomes such as reduced birth weight and intertwin growth discrepancy, impacting perinatal survival.

Observation:

  • This case report details the histological examination of a fused mouse placenta exhibiting intertwin growth discrepancy.
  • The study focused on characterizing the placental morphology and its correlation with fetal growth disparities.

Findings:

  • Morphological alterations were identified in both the placental exchange and endocrine regions.
  • Elevated levels of calcification within the fused placenta were observed and linked to the observed growth differences between fetuses.

Implications:

  • Understanding placental histology in fused placentas is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms behind intertwin growth discrepancy.
  • These findings contribute to the knowledge of placental development and its impact on fetal growth in complex pregnancies.