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Fully printed prothrombin time sensor for point-of-care testing.

Nicholas X Williams1, Brittani Carroll1, Steven G Noyce1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|November 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new handheld point-of-care test (POCT) for measuring prothrombin time (PT) using printed sensors. This low-cost, portable device offers rapid and convenient blood coagulation monitoring for patients on blood thinners.

Keywords:
CoagulationImpedancePOCTPT/INRPoint-of-carePrinted electronicsProthrombin time

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Patients on blood thinners require frequent monitoring of blood coagulation time (prothrombin time, PT).
  • Current PT testing methods are time-consuming, inconvenient, and reduce patient quality of life.
  • There is a need for rapid, low-cost, portable PT testing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a handheld point-of-care test (POCT) for measuring prothrombin time (PT).
  • To create low-cost, printed PT sensors using aerosol jet printing and conductive inks.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the developed POCT system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of printed impedance-based biosensors using Ag nanoparticles, Ag nanowires, and carbon nanotubes.
  • Optimization of operating frequency to 15 kHz to overcome blood's capacitive interference.
  • Testing sensor performance with both chicken and human blood, including mechanical flexibility tests.

Main Results:

  • Optimized PT sensors operated effectively at 15 kHz, avoiding capacitive interference below 10 kHz.
  • Printed sensors on polyimide maintained consistent measurements even under mechanical stress (35 mm bend radius).
  • The handheld POCT demonstrated significantly lower noise (70%) compared to commercial potentiostats, with versatile measurements across different blood types.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, low-cost, handheld POCT for PT measurement using printed sensors has been successfully developed.
  • The developed system offers a portable and convenient alternative to traditional PT testing methods.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for patients requiring blood thinner management and pave the way for wearable sensing platforms.