Plasma membrane-associated cysteine proteinases in human and animal tumors

The ability of tumor cells to invade into and through normal tissue during the metastatic cascade has been attributed to tumor-associated degradative enzymes including proteinases of the metallo, serine and cysteine classes. Work from several laboratories has established that the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L and B are released from tumor cells, primarily as latent precursor forms. In addition, a cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase has been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane fraction of several animal and human tumors. This form of the enzyme retains activity under physiologic (or pathologic) conditions including at neutral pH and in the presence of low Mr inhibitors. Since we have established that cathepsin B can degrade the basement membrane attachment glycoprotein laminin, we speculate that plasma membrane-associated cathepsin B may participate in focal dissolution of the basement membrane during tumor cell extravasation.