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microRNAs deregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Juliana Carron1, Caroline Torricelli1, Janet K Silva1

  • 1Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Head & Neck
|November 7, 2020
PubMed

Insights

microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Their deregulation impacts cancer risk, progression, and treatment response, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant global health concern.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNA (miRNA) alterations, are crucial in HNSCC development and progression.
  • microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression, impacting critical cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNA deregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  • To explore the influence of genetic variations in microRNAs and their targets on HNSCC.
  • To highlight the potential of microRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in HNSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA expression profiling in HNSCC.
  • Analysis of studies investigating single nucleotide variants in miRNA-related genes and target sites.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA involvement in HNSCC risk, development, prognosis, and therapy.

Main Results:

  • microRNA expression is significantly altered (upregulated or downregulated) in HNSCC cells compared to normal cells.
  • Single nucleotide variants in miRNA processing genes and target sites are associated with HNSCC.
  • miRNA deregulation influences HNSCC risk, progression, patient outcomes, and sensitivity to therapy.

Conclusions:

  • microRNA deregulation is a critical factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  • microRNAs present promising potential as biomarkers for HNSCC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Targeting microRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients, particularly those with limited treatment options.
Keywords:
SNVsepigeneticshead and neck cancermicroRNAstherapy

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