[Guideline Antibiotics in oral surgery]

Area of Science:

• Oral surgery
• Infectious disease
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Antibiotics are frequently utilized in oral surgery to prevent and treat infections.
• However, their use is associated with significant risks, including the development of antibiotic resistance and patient sensitization.
• These risks necessitate careful consideration and strict adherence to indications for antibiotic prescription.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on antibiotic use in oral surgery.
• To discuss the benefits versus the risks of antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy.
• To highlight the controversies surrounding antibiotic indication, dosage, duration, and timing in oral surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies and guidelines.
• Analysis of the benefits of antibiotic use in preventing surgical site infections.
• Evaluation of the evidence regarding antibiotic resistance and sensitization as adverse effects.

Main Results:

• Antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of certain oral surgical site infections.
• The widespread use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.
• Patient sensitization to antibiotics is a recognized risk, potentially complicating future treatments.

Conclusions:

• The use of antibiotics in oral surgery requires a strict indication to balance benefits against the risks of resistance and sensitization.
• There is a lack of consensus on optimal antibiotic regimens, including precise indications, dosages, and particularly the duration and timing of administration.
• Further research and clear clinical guidelines are needed to optimize antibiotic stewardship in oral surgery.