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Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19

Vladimir Petrovic1, Dina Radenkovic2, Goran Radenkovic1

  • 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.

Frontiers in Physiology
|November 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) face higher COVID-19 mortality. COVID-19 can cause new heart problems, especially in older adults, necessitating clear clinical protocols for managing these cardiovascular complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) exhibit increased severity and mortality from COVID-19.
  • COVID-19 is linked to new-onset cardiovascular complications, particularly in older individuals and those with chronic cardiometabolic conditions.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 virus can induce both acute cardiac injury and chronic cardiovascular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying these complications.
  • To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cardiovascular complications in COVID-19.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways including cytokine release syndrome, RAAS dysregulation, plaque destabilization, and coagulation disorders.
  • Review of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity in severe COVID-19 cases, often leading to mortality.
  • COVID-19 can trigger various cardiovascular issues, including acute injury and chronic damage.
  • Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome is a significant cause of cardiovascular complications in children post-COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications is crucial for identifying treatment targets.
  • Clear clinical and follow-up protocols are needed for patients with COVID-19 and CVD.
  • Identifying and managing risk factors for cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients is essential.

Keywords:
COVID-19CVDPediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndromecytokine release syndromethrombosis

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