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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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[Human coronaviruses].

Michel Segondy1

  • 1Pôle biologie-pathologie, département de microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Éloi, 80 avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 05, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronaviruses include common cold viruses and emerging zoonotic threats like SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2. These novel viruses cause severe respiratory illness and pandemics, posing significant global health risks.

Keywords:
HCoVMers-CoVSars-CoVSars-CoV-2coronavirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Coronaviruses are a significant cause of human respiratory infections.
  • Four endemic coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1) typically cause mild illness.
  • Emerging zoonotic coronaviruses pose a substantial threat to global health.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of human coronaviruses.
  • To highlight the emergence and impact of novel zoonotic coronaviruses.
  • To underscore the severity of diseases caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.

Summary:

  • Human coronaviruses include endemic strains causing mild respiratory infections and novel zoonotic strains responsible for severe disease.
  • The emergence of SARS-CoV (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019) has led to significant outbreaks and a global pandemic.
  • These novel coronaviruses are associated with severe respiratory syndromes, with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exhibiting considerable mortality rates.

Impact:

  • Understanding coronavirus evolution and emergence is critical for pandemic preparedness.
  • The significant morbidity and mortality associated with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 necessitate ongoing research and public health interventions.
  • SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a major global pandemic with profound health and societal consequences.