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Perfusion-based co-culture model system for bone tissue engineering.

Stephen W Sawyer¹, Kairui Zhang¹, Jason A Horton²

¹Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

AIMS Bioengineering

|November 9, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel perfusion co-culture system for bone tissue engineering. Combining endothelial cells (HUVECs) and bone cells (Saos-2) in 3D printed constructs enhances bone mineral deposition in challenging areas.

Keywords:

Gelatin methacrylate bioreactor cell encapsulation endothelial cells mineral formation perfusion

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Bone tissue engineering aims to regenerate bone defects using cells, scaffolds, and growth factors.
Perfusion bioreactors can improve nutrient/waste exchange in engineered tissues.
Co-culture systems offer synergistic cellular interactions for enhanced tissue development.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a perfusion-based co-culture system for bone tissue engineering.
To investigate the effect of combining human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells on mineral deposition.
To assess the utility of 3D printed, perfusable constructs for enhanced bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Saos-2 cells were co-cultured in Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA)-collagen hydrogels.
Cells were encapsulated within 3D printed, dual-channel perfusable constructs.
Constructs were perfused with osteogenic media for two weeks in a custom bioreactor.
Mineral deposition was quantified using microCT, and cellular function was assessed via histological and fluorescent staining.

Main Results:

While overall mineral deposition quantity was similar between Saos-2 only and Saos-2 + HUVEC groups, the spatial distribution differed significantly.
The addition of HUVECs facilitated mineral deposition by Saos-2 cells in diffusion-limited regions of the construct.
Histological and fluorescent staining confirmed mineral deposition and cellular viability within the perfusable constructs.

Conclusions:

A perfusion-based co-culture system using 3D printed constructs can support bone mineral formation.
Endothelial cells (HUVECs) play a crucial role in enhancing osteoblast function in engineered bone constructs, particularly in avascular regions.
This model system demonstrates potential for creating advanced perfusable bone tissue engineering scaffolds.