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Insights into disparities observed with COVID-19
1From the, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Journal of Internal Medicine
|November 9, 2020
Summary
COVID-19 disparities in infection and mortality are linked to age, co-morbidities, race, and gender. Understanding these risk factors, including socio-economic influences and biological mechanisms, is crucial for reducing health inequities.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- COVID-19 infection by SARS-CoV-2 presents significant disparities in disease severity and mortality.
- Identified risk factors include advanced age, pre-existing co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney disease), specific race/ethnicities (African Americans, Native Americans), and male gender.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the multifaceted risk factors contributing to COVID-19 disparities.
- To explore potential biological and socio-economic mechanisms underlying these observed inequities.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing data on COVID-19 risk factors and disease outcomes.
- Analysis of demographic, clinical, and socio-economic data related to COVID-19 severity.
- Examination of potential biological pathways, such as ACE2 receptor expression.
Main Results:
- Age, co-morbidities, race/ethnicity, and male gender are significant determinants of COVID-19 risk and severity.
- Socio-economic factors likely exacerbate co-morbidities, increasing risk in vulnerable populations.
- Biological factors, including androgen-driven ACE2 receptor expression, may contribute to increased severity in men.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 has disproportionately affected certain populations, highlighting systemic health inequities.
- Further research into the mechanisms of disparity is essential to develop targeted interventions and mitigate future risks.
Keywords:
ACE2African AmericanCOVID-19Hispanic/LatinxSARS-CoV-2TMPRSS2ageandrogenchronic kidney diseaseco-morbiditydiabetesdisparityethnicityhypertensionraceMore Related Videos
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