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Changes in sleep pattern and sleep quality during COVID-19 lockdown.

Ravi Gupta1, Sandeep Grover2, Aniruddha Basu1

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Indian Journal of Psychiatry
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The COVID-19 lockdown disrupted sleep patterns, leading to later bedtimes, reduced night sleep, and increased napping. These sleep changes were linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Keywords:
COVID-19Coronavirushome-confinementlockdownpandemicsleep

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Science
  • Public Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated global lockdowns, significantly altering daily routines and introducing stressors.
  • Disruptions to circadian cues and increased psychological distress are potential consequences impacting sleep quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on sleep patterns, routines, physical activity, and mental health.
  • To assess alterations in sleep experience during the pandemic-induced lockdown.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed via social media in May 2020.
  • Standardized instruments measured insomnia, stress, anxiety, depression, and physical activity.
  • 958 valid responses were analyzed, comparing pre-lockdown and during-lockdown periods.

Main Results:

  • Lockdowns caused a shift towards later bedtimes and wake times, with decreased night sleep and increased daytime napping.
  • Sleep quality declined across all groups, particularly affecting working individuals (excluding health professionals).
  • Reduced sleep duration correlated with increased depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 lockdowns significantly altered sleep schedules, quantity, and quality.
  • Observed sleep deterioration is associated with increased emotional distress.
  • The causal relationship between sleep changes and psychological distress requires further investigation.