Human T-ALL Xenografts

Intense chemotherapy regimens of patients diagnosed with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have proved successful for improving patient's overall survival, especially in children. But still T-ALL treatment remains challenging, since side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs often worsen patient's quality of life, and relapse rates remain significant. Hence, the availability of experimental animal models capable of recapitulating the biology of human T-ALL is obligatory as a critical tool to explore novel promising therapies directed against specific targets that have been previously validated in in vitro assays. For this purpose, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of primary human T-ALL are currently of great interest as preclinical models for novel therapeutic strategies toward transition into clinical trials. In this chapter, we describe the lab workflow to perform PDX assays, from the initial processing of patient T-ALL samples, genetic in vitro modifications of leukemic cells by lentiviral transduction, inoculation routes, monitoring for disease development, and mouse organ examination, to administration of several treatments.