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Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

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Published on: February 8, 2019

Insights into Metabolic Changes Caused by the Trichoderma virens-Maize Root Interaction.

Rabea Schweiger¹, Fabiola Padilla-Arizmendi², Guillermo Nogueira-López²

¹Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI

|November 9, 2020

Summary

Endophytic fungus Trichoderma virens alters plant metabolism in Zea mays roots, impacting crop health. Fungal genes influence colonization and metabolic changes, affecting plant defense and yield potential.

Keywords:

Trichoderma benzoxazinoids endophytes flavonoids fungus–plant interactions genomics metabolomics plant antifungal responses plant–fungus symbiosis plant–microbe interaction roots secretion specialized (secondary) metabolism

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Area of Science:

Plant-microbe interactions
Agricultural microbiology
Metabolomics

Background:

Endophytic microorganisms in crops are crucial for pest resistance and yield enhancement.
Understanding host-endophyte interactions is key to optimizing agricultural practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the metabolic interactions between Zea mays (corn) and the endophytic fungus Trichoderma virens.
To analyze the role of specific fungal genes (tv2og1, vir4) in colonization and metabolic modulation.

Main Methods:

Hydroponic cultivation of Zea mays inoculated with wild-type T. virens and two gene knockout mutants (∆tv2og1, ∆vir4).
Metabolic fingerprinting of plant roots, fungal mycelia, and culture supernatants using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS).
Analysis of gene expression in plant roots.

Main Results:

Fungal mutants showed reduced root colonization compared to wild-type T. virens.
All fungal genotypes suppressed root biomass.
Metabolic profiling revealed significant differences in root composition between colonized and non-colonized plants, dependent on fungal genotype.
Shikimate pathway metabolites, including amino acids and flavonoids, were modulated in colonized roots.
Gene expression in plant roots was affected by the ∆vir4 mutant.
Distinct metabolomes were observed in the mycelia and supernatants of different T. virens genotypes.

Conclusions:

Endophytic colonization by T. virens induces substantial metabolic changes in Zea mays roots, influenced by specific fungal genes.
Both fungal metabolites and plant metabolites modulated by the interaction contribute to the observed metabolic patterns.
These metabolic shifts in plant tissues may underlie later systemic effects relevant to crop improvement.