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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

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818

Neuromuscular Disease Affecting the Larynx.

David Lau1

  • 1Gleneagles Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore, mucosalwave@gmail.com.

Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
|November 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) affect nerves and muscles, potentially impacting the larynx. This review highlights NMDs with laryngeal features, aiding diagnosis and treatment for laryngologists.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) encompass a range of disorders affecting the motor nervous system and muscles.
  • These conditions can present with diverse symptoms, including those affecting laryngeal function.
  • Laryngologists play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing laryngeal manifestations of NMDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss neuromuscular diseases with significant laryngeal involvement.
  • To highlight unique laryngeal features associated with specific NMDs.
  • To outline diagnostic and treatment considerations for laryngologists managing these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuromuscular diseases classified by the WHO International Classification of Diseases.

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  • Selection of NMDs with known or potential laryngeal manifestations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches relevant to the larynx.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuromuscular diseases can be broadly categorized into motor neuron diseases, peripheral nerve disorders, and neuromuscular junction/muscle diseases.
    • Specific NMDs within each category present with distinct laryngeal features.
    • Early recognition of laryngeal symptoms in NMDs is critical for appropriate management.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuromuscular diseases frequently impact laryngeal function, requiring specialized attention from laryngologists.
    • Understanding the spectrum of NMDs and their laryngeal presentations improves patient care.
    • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for comprehensive management of NMDs with laryngeal involvement.