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Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Complement and Cancer-A Dysfunctional Relationship?

Joshua M Thurman1, Jennifer Laskowski1, Raphael A Nemenoff1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, once thought to fight cancer, actually aids tumor growth by suppressing immune responses. Targeting this system with complement inhibitors shows promise for new cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
cancercomplementimmunitymyeloid cellstherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The complement system's role in cancer was traditionally viewed as protective.
  • Emerging evidence indicates complement activation promotes carcinogenesis and tumor immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted role of complement activation in tumor biology.
  • To explore the potential of complement inhibitors as cancer immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pre-clinical models demonstrating complement activation's effects on tumor microenvironments.
  • Analysis of complement's interactions with myeloid cells and T cell immunity.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation recruits immunosuppressive myeloid cells, hindering anti-tumor T cell responses.
  • Tumor growth is facilitated by complement-mediated immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Complement activation plays a dual role in cancer, often promoting tumor progression.
  • Therapeutic complement inhibition represents a promising avenue for novel cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further understanding of complement in cancer will refine patient selection and combination therapies.