Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Extraction of Tissue Antigens for Functional Assays
Published on: September 10, 2012
A Question of Tolerance-Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes
Jeniffer D Loaiza Naranjo1, Anne-Sophie Bergot1, Irina Buckle2
1The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
Purpose Of Review:
Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) is a long sought-after goal for type 1 diabetes (T1D), with the potential of greater long-term safety than non-specific immunotherapy. We review the most recent advances in identification of target islet epitopes, delivery platforms and the ongoing challenges.
Recent Findings:
It is now recognised that human proinsulin contains a hotspot of epitopes targeted in people with T1D. Beta-cell neoantigens are also under investigation as ASI target epitopes. Consideration of the predicted HLA-specificity of the target antigen for subject selection is now being incorporated into trial design. Cell-free ASI approaches delivering antigen with or without additional immunomodulatory agents can induce antigen-specific regulatory T cell responses, including in patients and many novel nanoparticle-based platforms are under development. ASI for T1D is rapidly advancing with a number of modalities currently being trialled in patients and many more under development in preclinical models.
More Related Videos
06:27Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
Published on: May 6, 2013
11:31High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
Published on: August 16, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Hypersensitivities
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology