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Ketamine reduces temporal expectation in the rhesus monkey.

Sophie Brulé1, Bastien Herlin1, Pierre Pouget1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.
  • It is known to affect time perception and event anticipation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ketamine on temporal expectation in rhesus monkeys.

Main Methods:

  • Rhesus monkeys were trained on a variable foreperiod paradigm involving warning and imperative stimuli.
  • Subanesthetic ketamine doses (0.25-0.35 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly.
  • Movement latency (saccadic eye movements) was measured to assess temporal expectation.

Main Results:

  • Control conditions showed decreased saccadic latencies with increased delay, indicating built-up temporal expectation.
  • Ketamine significantly reduced temporal expectation in both subjects.
  • Ketamine also increased average movement latency, independently of temporal expectation effects.

Conclusions:

  • Subanesthetic ketamine has dual effects: increasing reaction time and decreasing temporal expectation.
  • Altered temporal expectation may contribute to cognitive deficits associated with ketamine use.