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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Olfactory Testing in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: a Systematic Review.

Brian Y Hwang1, David Mampre2, Rachel Penn3

  • 1Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-181, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. bhwang8@jhmi.edu.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory testing offers a safe, cost-effective bedside tool for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. However, standardized testing methods and domains are needed to fully utilize olfactory tests for TLE diagnosis and monitoring.

Keywords:
Complex partial seizuresMesial temporal lobeOlfactory testingTemporal lobe epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Olfactory testing is a valuable bedside tool for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.
  • Current methods and relevant olfactory domains for TLE testing lack standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate olfactory tests used in TLE.
  • To summarize the existing literature on olfactory testing in TLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Evaluation of various olfactory testing methodologies and their application in TLE.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation exists in olfactory test administration, odorants, timing, and grading.
  • The Smell Threshold Test and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test are validated for odor detection and identification.
  • The Odor Memory/Discrimination Test and Sniffin' Sticks test are validated multi-domain tests.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory testing shows potential for TLE diagnosis, monitoring, and surgical risk assessment.
  • Urgent need for rigorous validation, standardization, and comparative analysis of olfactory tests in TLE.