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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
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Recent Progress in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Organic Co-Crystals.

Ben-Lin Hu1,2, Qichun Zhang3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based organic co-crystals are gaining attention for their unique structures and properties. This review covers their classification, preparation, packing, and applications in advanced devices.

Keywords:
N-heteroacenescharge-transferhydrogen/halogen interactionorganic co-crystalspolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based organic co-crystals are a rapidly developing area of research.
  • These materials exhibit unique crystal packing arrangements and tunable optoelectronic properties.
  • Potential applications span electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PAH-based organic co-crystals.
  • To discuss their definition, classification, and common packing patterns.
  • To highlight preparation methods, properties, and potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PAH-based organic co-crystals.
  • Analysis of different classification schemes and packing motifs.
  • Discussion of prevalent synthetic strategies and characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Detailed presentation of major categories of PAH-based organic co-crystals.
  • Explanation of three primary packing patterns observed in these systems.
  • Summary of their optical and electrical characteristics and device potential.

Conclusions:

  • PAH-based organic co-crystals offer diverse structural and functional possibilities.
  • Understanding packing patterns is crucial for tailoring material properties.
  • This field holds significant promise for future technological advancements.