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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

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In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
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Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): 2021 update.

Milton H Saier1, Vamsee S Reddy1, Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a vital resource for transport protein information, now updated with new superfamilies, domain-based characterization, and novel software. This comprehensive update enhances understanding of transporter functions and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a key resource for transport protein information.
  • It is the sole transport protein classification database endorsed by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive update of the TCDB, including new data and features.
  • To enhance the classification, characterization, and accessibility of transport proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Adoption of a chemical ontology for transporter substrates.
  • Domain-based characterization of transporter families.
  • Development of novel curation and database utilization software.

Main Results:

  • TCDB now contains 20,653 proteins in 15,528 transport systems, with 1567 tabulated 3D structures.
  • Includes 1536 transporter families, with 26% belonging to 82 superfamilies, a >50% increase since 2016.
  • New subclasses of transport systems and artificial transmembrane pores/channels and carriers have been added.

Conclusions:

  • The updated TCDB provides a more comprehensive and functionally characterized resource for transport proteins.
  • Enhanced features facilitate the identification of new members and understanding of functional/evolutionary relationships.
  • The database supports research in medical and biotechnological applications of transporters.