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Updated: Dec 1, 2025
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
Determination of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d'Ivoire
Massara Camara-Cisse1, Youzan Ferdinad Djohan1, Thomas d'Aquin Toni2
1Laboratory of Biochemistry, UFR Medical Sciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), BP 582 Abidjan 22-Côte d'Ivoire.
Insights
High rates of antiretroviral resistance (79%) were found in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d'Ivoire. This highlights the need for better viral load monitoring and genotypic resistance testing for children on treatment.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Antiretroviral therapy scale-up has led to increased HIV resistance, particularly in pediatric populations.
- Understanding resistance patterns is crucial for effective HIV management in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence and patterns of reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) resistance in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d'Ivoire.
- To identify specific resistance mutations and common viral subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Genotypic resistance tests were performed on HIV-1 infected children.
- ANRS algorithm was used for resistance interpretation.
- Phylogenetic trees were constructed using BioEdit v7 and Mega7 software.
Main Results:
- A high overall frequency of resistance to at least one RTI was observed (79%).
- Resistance was prevalent for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (88%) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (71%).
- Specific mutations like M184V and K103N/S were frequently detected, and the CRF02_AG subtype predominated (85%).
Conclusions:
- There is a high prevalence of RTI resistance in HIV-1 infected children undergoing treatment in Côte d'Ivoire.
- The findings underscore the importance of accessible viral load monitoring and genotypic resistance testing for this population.
Abstract:
Treatment scale-up is leading to a progressive increase in HIV resistance to antiretrovirals, especially in children. To assess resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) in HIV-1 infected children in Côte d'Ivoire, genotypic resistance tests were performed and interpreted using the ANRS algorithm (www.hivfrenchresistance.org). Phylogenetic trees were created using BioEdit v7 and Mega7 software. The frequency of resistance to at least one RTI was 79%. It was 88% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 71% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 63% for both classes (NRTI + NNRTI). The frequency of resistance was 50% for the ZDV + 3TC + EFV combination, 42% for the ABC + 3TC + EFV combination, and 8% for the TDF + 3TC + EFV combination. Frequently encountered resistance mutations were for NRTIs: M184V (88%), TAMs (67%), T215F/I/V/Y (33%), and L74I/V (24%); for NNRTIs: K103N/S (74%), P225H (26%), and G190A/E/Q (24%). The synthesis of phylogenetic analyses showed the predominance of the viral subtype CRF02_AG (85%). These results show a high prevalence of resistance to RTIs in children infected with HIV-1. Hence the interest of a more accessible monitoring of viral load and genotypic resistance tests in HIV-1 infected children undergoing treatment in Côte d'Ivoire.
