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Non-consumptive effects stabilize herbivore control over multiple generations.

Kathryn S Ingerslew1, Deborah L Finke1

  • 1Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America.

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|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diverse natural enemies, including parasitoid wasps (Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani), provide stable aphid control. Combining consumptive and non-consumptive effects enhances pest management over multiple generations.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Integrated Pest Management

Background:

  • Predator-prey dynamics are crucial for understanding population oscillations.
  • Previous studies on non-consumptive effects were limited by short experimental durations (less than one predator generation).
  • Two parasitoid wasps were previously found to suppress aphid populations additively, but potential antagonism was noted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate multi-generation consumptive and non-consumptive interactions between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and two parasitoid wasps, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani.
  • To assess the long-term efficacy and stability of pest control provided by individual and combined natural enemies.
  • To determine if a diverse natural enemy community enhances herbivore population suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Field cages were used to monitor pea aphid abundance over four weeks (two parasitoid generations).
  • The study compared aphid population dynamics in the presence and absence of Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani.
  • Consumptive effects (predation) and non-consumptive effects (behavioral disturbance) were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Aphidius colemani, a non-consumptive enemy, initially controlled the aphid population, but this effect was not sustainable long-term without parasitism.
  • Aphidius ervi, a parasitoid, suppressed aphids through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects, outperforming A. colemani but causing population fluctuations.
  • The combined action of A. ervi and A. colemani provided complementary and the most effective, stable control of pea aphids.

Conclusions:

  • Single natural enemies may not provide sustainable long-term pest control.
  • Combining natural enemies with different control mechanisms (consumptive and non-consumptive) enhances pest suppression stability.
  • Promoting biodiversity in natural enemy communities is a promising strategy for stable and effective biological pest control.