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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
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Genotypic correlation between post discharge Clostridiodes difficle infection (CDI) and previous unit-based contacts.

N E Babady1, A Aslam2, T McMillen1

  • 1Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-discharge Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases are rarely transmitted from hospitals. Antibiotic exposure in patients after hospital discharge is a key factor for community-onset CDI, requiring targeted surveillance and stewardship.

Keywords:
Clostridium difficileGenome sequencingPost-discharge infection

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) diagnosed after hospital discharge represents a significant portion of new infections.
  • The origin of post-discharge CDI, specifically hospital-based transmission, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether symptomatic Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases are a substantial source of transmission to patients diagnosed with post-discharge CDI.
  • To identify risk factors associated with post-discharge CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care cancer center.
  • Genotyping of Clostridioides difficile isolates from post-discharge CDI cases and their unit contacts using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome sequencing (CGS).

Main Results:

  • Fifty percent of post-discharge CDI cases had isolates matching previous unit contacts.
  • Core genome sequencing revealed no close genetic links (≤3 single-nucleotide variants) between post-discharge CDI cases and their unit contacts.
  • Seventy percent of post-discharge CDI cases had a history of in-hospital antibiotic exposure prior to community-onset CDI.

Conclusions:

  • Symptomatic Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases in hospitals do not appear to be a significant source of transmission leading to post-discharge CDI.
  • Frequent antibiotic exposure in patients after hospital discharge is a critical factor for community-onset CDI and warrants focused surveillance and stewardship interventions.