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Global Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia among Patients with Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Noor Azlin Azraini Che Soh1, Najib Majdi Yaacob2, Julia Omar1

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|November 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Macroprolactinemia (mPRL) affects nearly one-fifth of hyperprolactinemia (hPRL) cases globally. Routine screening for mPRL is recommended before investigating other causes of hPRL.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hyperprolactinemia (hPRL) diagnosis can be challenging due to macroprolactin.
  • Macroprolactinemia (mPRL) prevalence is critical for effective hPRL patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the global prevalence of macroprolactinemia (mPRL) in patients with hyperprolactinemia (hPRL).
  • To investigate factors influencing mPRL prevalence estimates.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of studies reporting mPRL prevalence in hPRL patients.
  • Included data from inception to March 2020, encompassing 67 studies from 27 countries.

Main Results:

  • The global prevalence of mPRL was estimated at 18.9% (95% CI: 15.8%, 22.1%), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 95.7%).
  • Prevalence varied by region, highest in Africa (30.3%) and the Americas (29.1%).
  • Lower prevalence was noted in studies with both sexes and in more recent research.

Conclusions:

  • Macroprolactinemia accounts for a significant proportion of hyperprolactinemia cases.
  • Routine screening for mPRL is advised for all patients presenting with hPRL to streamline diagnosis and management.
Keywords:
big-big prolactinhyperprolactinemiamacroprolactinmacroprolactinemiameta-analysisprevalenceprolactin

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