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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

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Efficient Frequency Mixing of Guided Surface Waves by Atomically Thin Nonlinear Crystals.

Quanbing Guo, Zhenwei Ou, Jibo Tang

¹Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

|November 11, 2020

Summary

Researchers enhanced nonlinear frequency conversion in monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) by guiding surface waves. This method achieved a three orders-of-magnitude efficiency boost, enabling new possibilities for 2D material optics.

Keywords:

1D photonic crystal 2D material Bloch surface wave sum-frequency generation

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Area of Science:

Nonlinear optics
Materials science
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit significant second-order nonlinear optical properties.
Efficiency of frequency conversion in 2D materials is typically limited by short light-matter interaction lengths.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate efficient frequency mixing in monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2).
To overcome the limitations of short interaction lengths in 2D nonlinear optics.

Main Methods:

Utilizing guided surface waves on monolayer WS2.
Employing a counter-propagating excitation configuration to enhance temporal and spatial overlap.
Controlling emission direction and polarization via pump frequencies and WS2 rotation.

Main Results:

Achieved a three orders-of-magnitude enhancement in frequency conversion efficiency.
Demonstrated highly collimated frequency-mixing signals.
Showcased control over emission direction and polarization.

Conclusions:

Nonlinear frequency conversion rules apply to single-layer materials.
Developed a versatile platform for enhancing nonlinear optical responses in 2D materials.
Paved the way for scalable generation of coherent light sources and entangled photon pairs.