Therapeutic strategies targeting FOXO transcription factors

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are crucial transcription factors regulating diverse physiological processes.
• These proteins play significant roles in cellular stress response, metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
• Dysregulation of FOXO proteins is linked to major pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of FOXO proteins in maintaining health and their involvement in disease pathogenesis.
• To discuss current and emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at modulating FOXO protein activity for therapeutic benefit.
• To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting FOXO proteins for cancer treatment and the promotion of healthy aging.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes existing scientific literature on FOXO proteins.
• It examines the molecular mechanisms underlying FOXO function in various cellular contexts.
• Pharmacological approaches targeting FOXO pathways are critically evaluated.

Main Results:

• FOXO proteins act as context-dependent tumor suppressors, frequently inactivated in human cancers.
• FOXO3 is identified as a key gene associated with human longevity.
• Pharmacological modulation of FOXO proteins presents a promising therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

• Targeting FOXO proteins offers a viable strategy for developing novel therapeutics.
• Interventions aimed at modulating FOXO function hold promise for cancer treatment and enhancing healthy aging.
• Further research into FOXO protein pharmacology is warranted to fully realize their therapeutic potential.