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The Relationship Between Interleukin-4 Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Ling Gu1, Huogen Liu1, Xianhong Liu2

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian 355000, People's Republic of China.

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
|November 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Higher serum Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels are linked to increased cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This finding may aid in early CV event prediction for individuals with CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an inflammatory cytokine, has been minimally studied regarding its association with cardiovascular events in CKD.
  • This study addresses the gap by investigating the relationship between serum IL-4 levels and cardiovascular event risk in CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if serum IL-4 levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with CKD.
  • To explore the predictive value of IL-4 for early CV event detection in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 302 patients with stage 1-5 CKD were followed for a mean of 32 months.
  • Serum IL-4 levels were measured at baseline.
  • Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the independent relationship between serum IL-4 and CV events.

Main Results:

  • The study included 302 patients (65.4 years average age, 69.9% male).
  • A total of 41 (13.6%) CV events occurred during follow-up.
  • Higher serum IL-4 levels (above mean of 126.2 pg/mL) were associated with a significantly increased rate of CV events (HR=1.650, P<0.001), particularly in CKD stages 3-5.
  • This association remained significant regardless of anti-inflammatory medication use.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum IL-4 levels are significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD.
  • Serum IL-4 may serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting early cardiovascular events in the CKD population.
  • Stratified analysis indicated a stronger association in advanced CKD stages (3-5).
Abstract

Keywords:
Cox regressioncardiovascular eventchronic kidney diseaseinterleukin-4prognosis

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