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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Managing Diabetes in the Workplace.

Margaret McCarthy1, Allison Vorderstrasse2, Joeyee Yan1

  • 1New York University.

Workplace Health & Safety
|November 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social support and work-life balance are key for excellent work ability in adults with diabetes. Workplace wellness programs can help improve productivity and support for these employees.

Keywords:
chronic illnessdisease preventionsocial supportwork abilitywork–life balance

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among the working-age population.
  • Loss of work productivity is a known complication of diabetes.
  • Understanding work-related factors influencing work ability in diabetes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between work-related factors and work ability in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • To identify specific job demands and supports associated with work ability.

Main Methods:

  • Convergent mixed-method design combining quantitative and qualitative data.
  • Work Ability Index and Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) used for assessment.
  • Qualitative interviews explored lived experiences of diabetes in the workplace.

Main Results:

  • Over half of participants had elevated HbA1c and were overweight or obese.
  • Skill discretion, psychological demands, supervisor and coworker support, and work-life balance were linked to work ability.
  • Improved coworker support and work-life balance significantly predicted excellent work ability.

Conclusions:

  • Social support and work-life balance are vital for maintaining work ability in individuals with diabetes.
  • Targeted workplace educational programs are recommended for occupational health staff to support these employees.