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Related Concept Videos

Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

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Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

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Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
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Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
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Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Three Distinct Methods in Pure Deciduous Stands
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Visible light indoor positioning via an iterative algorithm based on an M5 model tree.

Wei Han, Jianping Wang, Huimin Lu

    Applied Optics
    |November 11, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new M5 model tree (M5Tree) algorithm improves indoor positioning accuracy using a single LED and photodetectors. This visible light positioning method offers better performance than traditional machine learning techniques.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Indoor positioning systems are crucial for various applications.
    • Visible light communication (VLC) offers a promising alternative for indoor localization.
    • Existing methods often require complex infrastructure or multiple light sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a novel iterative M5 model tree (M5Tree) algorithm for indoor positioning.
    • To assess the impact of M5Tree parameters (tree depth, iterations) on positioning accuracy.
    • To compare the performance of the M5Tree algorithm against traditional machine learning algorithms in a single LED system.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a visible light positioning system utilizing a single LED and multiple photodetectors.
    • Development of an iterative M5Tree algorithm for indoor localization.
    • Comparative analysis with k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithms.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed M5Tree algorithm demonstrated good positioning performance in the single LED system.
    • Performance evaluation included analyzing the effects of maximum tree depth and iteration count.
    • M5Tree outperformed KNN and SVR in the tested single LED indoor positioning scenario.

    Conclusions:

    • The M5Tree algorithm is an effective approach for indoor positioning using a single LED.
    • The proposed method offers a viable and accurate solution for visible light positioning.
    • Further research can explore optimizations and applications of this M5Tree-based system.