Therapeutic implications of dermoscopic findings in acanthosis nigricans: A clinical and histopathological study

Acanthosis nigricans is associated with numerous systemic disorders. These include endocrinological conditions such as, diabetes, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, as well as metabolic abnormalities like obesity and polycystic ovarian disease. Its association with visceral malignancy is known. Moreover, Acanthosis nigricans is known to be a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. The primary aim of this study was to study clinical and histopathological patterns of acanthosis nigricans and its correlation with dermoscopic patterns and treatment implications. 103 patients clinically diagnosed as acanthosis nigricans were enrolled in the study. Clinical evaluation, dermoscopy, and skin biopsy was done for histopathological evaluation. Consistency was observed in the changes seen on dermoscopy with clinical and histopathological findings. Common dermoscopy findings were Crista Cutis, Sulcus Cutis, Papillary projections, hyperpigmented dots, crypts, and blotching Dermoscopic findings can be correlated with histopathological features. Dermoscopy allows visualization on higher magnification which helps to pick up subtle changes which are not visible to naked eye. Dermoscopy can be a useful tool to distinguish acanthosis nigricans from other pigmentary disorders in patients who are not willing for histopathological examination and helps in treatment making decisions.