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Evolution of chemical functional groups during torrefaction of rice straw
Liu Xiaorui1, Yuan Longji2, Yang Xudong3
1School of Mine, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, 221116 Xuzhou, China.
Abstract:
The evolution of CHON functional groups during torrefaction of rice straw at 200-300 °C were investigated. The results showed that 300 °C was more suitable for rice straw torrefaction due to the ideal fuel ratio, energy densification, energy-mass co-benefit index and the significantly improved HHV of the torrefied products. The functional groups such as O-H, N-H, C-H, C = O in the solids decreased with rising temperature accompanied by the releases of H2O, CH4, CO2, CO and NH3, et al. At 300 °C, 40.04% of fuel-N was released in the form of NH3, HCN, HNCO et al. due to the decomposition of N-A which was the overall N-functionality in the raw rice straw. It is worth noting that the absorbance of NH3 and HCN has the same order of magnitude as CO. Therefore, the releases of N-containing gases should be highly concerned for the application of torrefaction technology from the environmental perspective.
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The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry....
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