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Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Transduction01:16

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice

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Phages to shape the gut microbiota?

Sofia Dahlman1, Laura Avellaneda-Franco1, Jeremy J Barr1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage therapy, using viruses to kill bacteria, is complex in the gut due to natural phage-bacterial interactions. Understanding these interactions is key for effective phage therapy and whole virome transplants.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage therapy offers a targeted approach to combat bacterial infections.
  • The human gut microbiome harbors a complex ecosystem of bacteria and their natural predators, bacteriophages.
  • Existing phage-bacterial interactions within the gut can influence disease dynamics and therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge of bacteriophages in the human gut.
  • To explore the role of gut phages across different life stages, from infancy to adulthood.
  • To examine the impact of phages on disease progression and discuss novel phage-based interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on gut viromes and phage therapy.
  • Analysis of phage-bacterial dynamics in the context of human health and disease.
  • Overview of advancements in conventional phage therapy and whole virome transplantation.

Main Results:

  • The gut virome is dynamic and influenced by factors such as age and health status.
  • Phage-bacterial interactions are integral to gut homeostasis and can be dysregulated during disease.
  • Emerging therapeutic strategies include refined phage therapy and whole virome transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Phage-bacterial interactions in the gut are a critical consideration for the efficacy of phage therapy.
  • Further research into the gut virome is essential for developing successful phage-based treatments.
  • Whole virome transplantation represents a promising frontier in modulating gut microbial communities for therapeutic benefit.