Li/Garnet Interface Optimization: An Overview

Solid-state lithium batteries can improve the safety and energy density of the present liquid-electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries. To achieve this goal, both solid electrolyte and lithium anode technology are the keys. Lithium garnet is a promising electrolyte to enable the next generation solid-state lithium batteries due to its high ionic conductivity, good chemical, and electrochemical stability, and easiness to scale up. It is relatively stable against Li metal but the poor contact area and the presence of resistive impurity or decomposition layers at the interface interfere with fast charge transfer, thereby, spiking the interfacial resistance, overpotential, local current density, and the propensity for dendrite growth. In this Review, we first summarize the recent understanding of the interfacial problems at the Li/garnet interface from both computational and experimental viewpoints while seizing the opportunity to shed light on the chemical/electrochemical stability of garnet against Li metal anode. Also, we highlight various interface optimization strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective in improving the interface performance. We conclude this Review with a few suggestions as guides for future work.