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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

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Transcriptome and translatome co-evolution in mammals.

Zhong-Yi Wang1, Evgeny Leushkin2, Angélica Liechti3

  • 1Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.

Nature
|November 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that gene expression evolves more slowly at the translatome (protein synthesis) level than the transcriptome (RNA) level, particularly for essential genes. Translational regulation buffers changes, preserving vital functions across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gene-expression programs shape phenotypes, but their evolutionary dynamics beyond RNA are unclear.
  • Understanding the co-evolution of different molecular layers is crucial for evolutionary insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the co-evolution of translatomes and transcriptomes across multiple mammalian species and organs.
  • To determine the extent of buffering between gene expression layers and its impact on evolutionary rates.

Main Methods:

  • Ribosome-profiling and RNA-sequencing data from brain, liver, and testis of five mammals and one bird.
  • Comparative analysis of gene expression divergence at transcriptome and translatome levels.
  • Integration of mass spectrometry proteomics data.

Main Results:

  • Translational regulation is widespread, especially in testis spermatogenic cells.
  • Translatome divergence is ~20% lower than transcriptome divergence due to buffering, preserving essential genes.
  • Translational upregulation compensated for dosage changes in sex chromosomes and meiotic inactivation.
  • Testis showed the highest fraction of genes evolving faster at the translatome level, suggesting adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression layers exhibit co-evolutionary patterns, with buffering preserving essential genes.
  • Translational regulation plays a key role in buffering evolutionary changes and compensating for specific genetic challenges.
  • The interplay between transcriptome and translatome evolution is reflected at the proteome layer.