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Targeting immunogenic cell death in cancer
Asma Ahmed1,2, Stephen W G Tait1,2
1Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
Molecular Oncology
|November 12, 2020
Summary
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) activates the immune system against cancer by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumor cells. This process enhances anticancer drug efficacy and can induce vaccine-like effects.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a crucial mechanism where cancer cell death stimulates an immune response.
- Certain therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can induce ICD, activating the host's immune system against tumors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the various cell death modalities associated with ICD.
- To identify the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during ICD.
- To explore the mechanisms by which DAMPs activate the immune system and discuss the therapeutic potential of ICD in cancer immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on immunogenic cell death.
- Analysis of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) involved in ICD.
- Examination of immune activation mechanisms triggered by ICD.
Main Results:
- ICD involves the release of DAMPs such as calreticulin, heat-shock proteins, ATP, HMGB1, type I IFNs, and IL-1 family cytokines.
- These DAMPs promote the activation of tumor-specific immune responses.
- ICD can enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies and elicit anticancer vaccine effects.
Conclusions:
- ICD represents a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy by bridging direct tumor cell killing with the induction of antitumor immunity.
- Harnessing ICD offers significant therapeutic potential but also presents challenges that require further investigation.
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