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Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: A Primer for Otolaryngologists
Sathish Paramasivan1,2, Alkis J Psaltis1,2, Peter-John Wormald1,2
1Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are increasingly found in inflamed tissues and impact disease severity. Early research in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases shows TLOs play a role, potentially offering new immunotherapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pathology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Lymphoid neogenesis, the formation of organized lymphoid structures, occurs in chronically inflamed tissues.
- Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) significantly influence disease pathology, severity, prognosis, and patient outcomes.
- While widely recognized in medicine, TLOs are a recent focus in otolaryngology research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in diseases.
- To summarize early findings on TLOs in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions.
- To provide an overview of TLO development and clinicopathological implications.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
- Searches included PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases for relevant peer-reviewed publications.
- Studies focused on TLOs and ENT diseases were identified.
Main Results:
- Twenty-four relevant studies were identified.
- The majority of TLO research in ENT pertains to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Conclusions:
- Early evidence suggests TLOs have significant roles in oral SCC and CRS within ENT.
- TLOs are not yet fully understood by otolaryngologists.
- Further research may elucidate TLOs' influence on disease outcomes and their potential in immunotherapy.
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