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Understanding the effects of time perspective: A meta-analysis testing a self-regulatory framework
Harriet M Baird1, Thomas L Webb1, Fuschia M Sirois1
1Department of Psychology.
Psychological Bulletin
|November 12, 2020
Summary
Future time perspective positively impacts goal setting, monitoring, and outcomes by enhancing self-regulation. Present time perspective, however, is linked to poorer self-regulatory processes and outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Time perspective influences various life outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
- Self-regulatory processes are proposed as a key factor linking time perspective to outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of self-regulation in explaining the association between time perspective and life outcomes.
- To systematically review and meta-analyze studies examining time perspective and self-regulation.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search identified 378 studies with 2,000 tests of time perspective and self-regulation associations.
- Random-effects meta-analyses and mediation models were employed to analyze the data.
Main Results:
- Future time perspective showed positive associations with goal setting, monitoring, operating, self-regulatory ability, and outcomes.
- Present time perspective (hedonistic, fatalistic) was negatively associated with self-regulation and outcomes.
- Goal monitoring, goal operating, and self-regulatory ability mediated the link between future time perspective and outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Self-regulatory processes and abilities are central to understanding why future time perspective is linked to better life outcomes.
- These findings underscore the importance of self-regulation in psychological well-being and achievement across different life domains.
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