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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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The Crossroads between Infection and Bone Loss.

Tiago Carvalho Oliveira1,2,3, Maria Salomé Gomes1,3, Ana Cordeiro Gomes1

  • 1i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.

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Infections disrupt bone balance, causing destruction and loss. Identifying biomarkers for infection-associated bone loss is crucial for better diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
bonechronic inflammationinfectionmesenchymal stem cellosteoblastsosteoclasts

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious disease
  • * Bone biology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Bone homeostasis relies on a balance between bone formation and degradation.
  • * Infections can directly damage bone or indirectly disrupt bone metabolism through immune responses.
  • * Bone loss pathologies associated with infection present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the mechanisms by which infections lead to bone loss.
  • * To highlight the need for biomarkers to diagnose and manage infection-associated osteopenia.
  • * To emphasize the importance of understanding infection's impact on bone metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of studies investigating infection and bone metabolism.
  • * Analysis of mechanisms of direct bone colonization by pathogens.
  • * Examination of immune mediator roles in osteoblast and osteoclast function.

Main Results:

  • * Pathogens can directly invade and destroy bone tissue.
  • * Immune responses to infection can dysregulate bone remodeling processes.
  • * Infection-induced bone loss requires further investigation for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • * Infections significantly impact bone homeostasis through direct and indirect pathways.
  • * Early detection and intervention for infection-associated bone loss are critical.
  • * Identifying biomarkers for impaired bone metabolism in chronic infections is essential for improved patient outcomes.