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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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Reconfigurable metamaterial for chirality switching and selective intensity modulation.

Shihao Li, Kejian Chen, Dajun Zhang

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    |November 13, 2020
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    Summary

    This study demonstrates a foldable metamaterial capable of switching between chiral and nonchiral states. It achieves tunable circular dichroism and selective intensity modulation for circularly polarized waves, benefiting reconfigurable device research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials Science
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties.
    • Reconfigurable metamaterials are crucial for advanced optical devices.
    • Chirality and intensity modulation are key functionalities for polarization control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable metamaterial.
    • To achieve switching between nonchiral, single-band chiral, and dual-band chiral states.
    • To realize selective intensity modulation of circularly polarized waves.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a simple folding strategy to alter metamaterial configuration.
    • Experimentally measuring circular dichroism at various folding angles.
    • Investigating the combined effects of folding and incident angles on transmission intensity.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved switching between nonchiral, single-band chiral, and dual-band chiral states.
    • Measured a maximum circular dichroism of 0.94 at a 70° folding angle.
    • Demonstrated selective intensity modulation exceeding 90% for circularly polarized waves across a frequency range of 8.97–10.73 GHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed foldable metamaterial offers versatile control over chirality and intensity modulation.
    • This work advances the field of foldable metamaterials.
    • Potential applications exist in reconfigurable optical and electromagnetic devices.