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COVID-19 and Comorbidities: Is Inflammation the Underlying Condition in Children? A Narrative Review

Giulia Pinna1, Lavinia Sanfilippo1, Pier Paolo Bassareo2

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|November 13, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This review explores how underlying health conditions, particularly those involving inflammation, increase COVID-19 severity. It examines the complex role of inflammation in both adult and pediatric cases, offering insights into disease mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 severity is often linked to pre-existing health conditions (comorbidities).
  • Many common comorbidities share an inflammatory basis, suggesting inflammation's key role in disease progression.
  • Understanding these links is crucial, especially given milder COVID-19 symptoms in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 and comorbidities.
  • To evaluate the specific role of inflammation in this relationship.
  • To synthesize current evidence on inflammatory mechanisms in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on COVID-19, comorbidities, and inflammation.
  • Analysis of pathogenic inflammatory pathways relevant to COVID-19.
  • Synthesis of theoretical frameworks explaining inflammation's role.

Main Results:

  • Comorbidities with inflammatory underpinnings are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19, particularly in adults.
  • Inflammation plays a complex role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, with mechanisms less understood in pediatric populations.
  • Current theories highlight inflammation as central to understanding disease severity across age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a critical factor linking comorbidities to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate inflammatory mechanisms in pediatric COVID-19.
  • A comprehensive understanding of inflammation is essential for managing COVID-19 severity.

Keywords:
COVID-19childrencoronavirusinflammationpathogenicrisk factors

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