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Coffee consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study
Vijaykumar Bodar1, Jiaying Chen2, Howard D Sesso3
1VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, LA, USA; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Insights
This study found no link between coffee consumption and heart failure (HF) risk in US male physicians. Further research on coffee and cardiovascular health is warranted.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Previous research suggests coffee consumption may benefit conditions like diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD).
- However, large-scale, long-term studies on coffee's impact on heart failure (HF) risk are limited, particularly in the US population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing heart failure (HF).
- To test the hypothesis that higher coffee intake correlates with a reduced risk of HF.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 20,433 middle-aged and older male physicians from the Physicians' Health Study (PHS).
- Coffee consumption was assessed via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
- Heart failure incidence was determined through self-reports on annual questionnaires, validated by medical record review in a subsample. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Main Results:
- During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 901 new cases of HF were reported among participants.
- Multivariable Cox models showed no significant association between coffee consumption (ranging from <1 cup/day to ≥2 cups/day) and HF risk (P for linear trend = 0.47).
- Secondary analysis of dietary caffeine intake also revealed no association with HF risk (P for linear trend = 0.34).
Conclusions:
- This large-scale prospective study found no evidence of an association between coffee consumption or dietary caffeine intake and the risk of heart failure (HF) among US male physicians.
- These findings contribute to understanding the complex relationship between dietary factors and cardiovascular health.
Background:
Previous studies have reported the benefits of coffee consumption on diabetes, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, no large-scale long-term prospective study has evaluated the relation between coffee consumption and heart failure (HF) among US population.
Objective:
To test the hypothesis that coffee consumption is associated with risk of HF among male physicians.
Methods:
We prospectively studied 20,433 middle-aged and older men from the Physicians' Health Study (PHS). Coffee consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The incidence of HF was assessed based on self-reports on annual questionnaires which were validated in a subsample using by review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compute the hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results:
The mean (SD) age of men was 66.4 (9.2) years. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 901 new cases of HF were reported. In a multivariable Cox model adjusting for age, alcohol, smoking, and exercise, the HR (95% CI) of HF were 1.00 (reference), 1.04 (0.84-1.28), 0.90 (0.73-1.11), and 1.09 (0.91-1.30) for coffee consumption of almost never, <1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, and ≥2 cups/day, respectively (P for linear trend - 0.47). In a secondary analysis, dietary caffeine intake was not associated with HF risk: multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (0.87-1.31), 0.95 (0.77-1.18), 1.06 (0.86-1.31), and 1.15 (0.92-1.44) across consecutive quintiles of dietary caffeine (P for linear trend - 0.34).
Conclusions:
We found no association between either coffee consumption or dietary caffeine intake with HF risk among US male physicians.
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