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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

3-D Imaging and Analysis of Neurons Infected In Vivo with Toxoplasma gondii
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Toxoplasmosis and the Heart.

Zier Zhou1, Hector Isaac Alejandro Ortiz Lopez2, Gonzalo Emanuel Pérez3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|November 13, 2020
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Summary

Toxoplasmosis, a common parasitic infection, can rarely affect the heart, primarily causing myocarditis. This review summarizes cardiac toxoplasmosis, aiding diagnosis and treatment, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

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Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity
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Last Updated: Nov 30, 2025

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Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity
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Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is prevalent globally, particularly in tropical areas.
  • While often asymptomatic, it poses risks to immunocompromised individuals.
  • Cardiovascular involvement in toxoplasmosis is uncommon but can be severe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on the cardiovascular implications of toxoplasmosis.
  • To consolidate knowledge on cardiac manifestations of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
  • To provide a diagnostic and treatment framework for cardiac toxoplasmosis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed.
  • Study selection adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Inclusion of 48 relevant articles detailing cardiovascular toxoplasmosis.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac compromise in toxoplasmosis predominantly manifests as myocarditis.
  • The severity of cardiac complications associated with toxoplasmosis varies significantly.
  • Diagnosis of toxoplasmic myocarditis is often difficult, frequently necessitating endomyocardial biopsy.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac toxoplasmosis, though rare, is a serious condition primarily involving myocarditis.
  • Effective diagnosis and management strategies are crucial, particularly for at-risk populations.
  • An original diagnostic and treatment algorithm is proposed to assist clinicians.